Oral disease is the most common problem for dogs and cats.

According to a study by the American Veterinary Dental Society, nearly 80% of dogs and 70% of cats experience some type of periodontal disease by the age of 3.

Ignoring these problems can surely lead to more severe health problems down the road. In addition, oral disease and tooth damage can affect a pet’s quality of life.

The periodontium is made up of the tissues that support and hold the teeth in place. It is like the "zipper" that holds the teeth, and disease of these tissues results in advancing loss of the tooth’s attachment.

There are four stages of periodontal disease, based on severity and extent of attachment loss:

Stage 1: Gingivitis, which causes gingival inflammation without attachment loss. This stage can be reversible once the inciting agent is removed.

Stage 2: Early periodontal disease, in which less than 25% of the attachment is lost. This condition is not reversible, however, further attachment loss can be prevented with appropriate treatment and maintenance of oral health.

Stage 3: Moderate periodontal disease, in which 25-50% of the attachment is lost.

Stage 4: Advanced, or end-stage, periodontal disease, in which greater than 50% of the attachment is lost

The diagnosis and treatment of periodontal disease and its treatment regimen are based on a complete physical exam, as well as any additional tests and equipment that may be needed.

Sometimes blood work may be indicated, as some medical conditions, such as diabetes, can exacerbate gum disease by weakening the immune system.

Radiographs of a diseased mouth also help to further classify the extent of damage.

Your veterinarian will be able to recommend a diagnosis and treatment plan that is appropriate for your pet.

In addition, preventative maintenance should also be discussed.

These include tooth brushings, chewing-based products, and dental diets.

With regular check-ups and dental cleanings, as well as good home care, we can ward off dental disease, extend the treatment interval, and help our furried friends live longer, healthier, happier lives.